Surabayastory.com – Cerita dalam novel ini berakar pada kehidupan klasik nelayan mutiara dengan keluarga kecilnya. Hingga akhirnya Kino, aktor cerita, mendapatkan mutiara yang dinanti-nanti selama ini. Keinginan sederhana memperbaiki taraf kehidupan, demi istri dan anak, berubah seketika. Keberuntungan yang ditumpangi nafsu keserakahan berbalik menjadi malapetaka. Karya sastra yang indah sekaligus inspiratif.
Bermula dari legenda lokal. John Steinbeck meramunya dengan kenyataan sosial menjadi karya monumental. Persembahan bagi kemanusiaan dari seorang jurnalis dan penulis peraih Nobel Sastra.
Di kota itu mereka menceritakan kisah tentang mutiara yang sangat berharga – bagaimana mutiara itu ditemukan dan bagaimana mutiara itu hilang. Mereka mengisahkan tentang nelayan bernama Kino, istrinya, Juana, dan bayinya, Coyotito. Saking seringnya dituturkan, kisah ini telah mengakar dalam pikiran setiap orang. Dan seperti umumnya kisah yang diceritakan berulang-ulang, serta mendapat tempat di hati siapa pun, maka hanya ada dua hal, yaitu yang bagus dan yang jelek, hitam dan putih, baik dan jahat, tak ada yang lain di antara dua hal tersebut.
Seandainya cerita ini hanyalah perumpamaan, mungkin setiap orang dapat mengambil kesimpulannya masing-masing dan membandingkannya dengan kehidupan mereka sendiri-sendiri. Setidak-tidaknya mereka memulai kisahnya.
Keluarga Kino dan Mutiara
Dalam alur cerita, Kino adalah seorang nelayan mutiara yang mencari nafkah di sekitar Teluk California. Sebagaimana ayah dan kakeknya, ia mengayuh kano yang sama, yang diturunkan generasi ke generasi. Seperti nelayan-nelayan mutiara lainnya di wilayah itu, Kino, dengan keluarga kecilnya menempati gubuk yang disusun dari ranting-ranting, bertetangga dekat dengan kakaknya.
Kehidupan Kino beserta istri dan anaknya berjalan apa adanya hingga suatu ketika ia mendapatkan hasil berupa mutiara yang sangat indah. Keindahan mutiara ini diakui semua orang, bahkan menimbulkan kehebohan menembus batas perkampungan ranting, menyebar hingga komplek perumahan mewah di kota. Seorang dokter yang bertempat tinggal di rumah tembok menjadi simbol kelas berpendidikan dan mapan ekonomi yang memiliki daya kekuatan untuk memanipulasi mereka yang berpengetahuan pas-pasan. Sementara para pedagang yang memiliki modal berada di posisi yang menekan Kino yang sangat membutuhkan dana demi menyembuhkan anaknya yang terkena racun sengat kalajengking.
Keindahan dan kesempurnaan yang ditampakkan benda ini awalnya menjadi perlambang datangnya pertolongan takdir. Cita-cita mulia Kino mungkin segera dapat diwujudkan berkat keberuntungan tersebut. Namun orang-orang di sekitarnya tidak bisa tinggal diam. Siapa pun yang sempat memegangnya dan mengakui nilainya yang tinggi, seperti tersihir sedemikian hingga terpancing keluar nafsu keserakahannya.
Dalam waktu cepat mutiara yang menyiratkan keindahan dan kemuliaan pun berubah menjadi benda pemicu sisi jahat manusia. Perburuan mutiara yang dipunyai Kino memaksa dia sekeluarga menyingkir dari tanah kelahirannya. Apapun ditinggalkan Kino demi meraih satu-satunya kesempatan demi mimpinya. Sepanjang hidupnya, Kino melakukan semua aktivitas sehari-hari diiringi lagu. Melodi tematik yang muncul sesuai suasana hati yang ia rasakan pada setiap keadaan. Di manakah puncak pengorbanan anak manusia dalam situasi seperti ini?
Cantiknya perairan Teluk California yang digambarkan melalui aneka satwa laut dan pantai, juga pesona panorama pegunungan, menjadi seting kisah yang memukau dan menambahi makna yang sudah penting. Tak kurang seorang nobelis lain, Ernest Hemingway, konon terinspirasi deskripsi dan perumpamaan-perumpamaan dalam novel ini ketika menggarap karyanya, ‘The Old Man and The Sea’ (1952, terjemahannya dalam bahasa Indonesia diterbitkan oleh Selasar, 2010).
Novel The Pearl mula-mula dimuat pada majalah Woman’s Home Companion tahun 1945 dengan judul The Pearl of the World (Mutiara Terbesar di Dunia). Melihat popularitasnya, Steinbeck menerbitkan ulang The Pearl sebagai sebuah buku pada 1947. Naskah yang awalnya disusun sebagai suatu proyek pembuatan film ini akhirnya benar-benar menjadi sebuah film pada 1948.
Teluk California alias Laut Cortez nyatanya memang pernah menjadi sumber mutiara selama beberapa waktu. Sebagai seorang jurnalis sekaligus novelis, perjalanan Steinbeck ke tempat ini menghasilkan dua karya sekaligus, yaitu fiksi dan nonfiksi.
Perjalanan Steinbeck ke banyak tempat dan petualangan hidupnya bersama kelas pekerja kasar dan orang-orang dari tingkatan bawah dalam hal sosial, ekonomi, dan pengetahuan, benar-benar memperkaya pemahamannya terhadap karakter-karakter nyata dari kelompok itu. Sementara pendidikan lanjutan yang ia tempuh bisa mewakili tokoh-tokoh papan atas yang secara bawah sadar atau tidak menempatkan diri mereka lebih tinggi dari yang lain.
Dengan demikian pantas dimengerti betapa tokoh-tokoh dalam karya Steinbeck begitu realistis. Juga betapa relasi antar berbagai kelas tersebut berpotensi memunculkan mulai dari sekadar salah paham hingga penindasan. Tak ada yang dibuat-buat atau diada-adakan, karena semua itu memang kita saksikan dan alami sehari-hari.
Bagi Steinbeck, peraih Penghargaan Nobel Bidang Kesusastraan tahun 1962, seorang penulis diutus untuk menyatakan dan merayakan kapasitas manusia yang telah terbukti atas kebesaran hati dan semangatnya –atas jiwa kesatrianya saat dikalahkan, atas keberanian, kasih sayang, dan cinta. Sepanjang perang abadi melawan kelemahan dan keputusasaan, inilah semua yang menjadi panji-panji harapan dan perjuangan. “Saya percaya bahwa seorang penulis yang tak meyakini penyempurnaan manusia sama dengan tak memiliki dedikasi atau keanggotaan apa pun dalam dunia sastra.” –sa












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