Menapak jejak akan berujung ironi. Cerita tentang pasar legendaris Surabaya yang berkali-kali terbakar tetapi tak pernah diketahui penyebab pastinya.

Surabayastory.com – Membicarakan tempat yang telah dikenal lama dan menjadi bagian dari roda kehidupan manusia di dalamnya seakan menapak jejak romantika. Dan menjelajahinya lagi adalah hal yang nikmat untuk diresapi. Ada kenangan, imaji, fantasi, sekaligus ironi.
Menapak jejak Pasar Turi Surabaya akan melambungkan imaji kita tentang sebuah pasar legendaris Surabaya yang telah mengisi kehidupan masyarakat Surabaya beratus tahun lamanya. Sebelum ada mall (pusat perbelanjaan modern), Pasar Turi adalah pusat perbelanjaan dan grosir terbesar, terlaris, dan terkenal di Kota Surabaya. Dengan omset total lebih dari Rp 10 miliar per hari, menempatkan Pasar Turi sebagai pusat grosir terbesar di Indonesia Timur. Pasar Turi telah menjelma menjadi simbol Kota Surabaya.
Sejak zaman dulu, lokasi Pasar Turi memang sangat strategis. Berada di jalan raya utama menuju pusat kota. Di sekitarnya berkembang pusat perdagangan utama Surabaya bagian utara, seperti Kembang Jepun, Jembatan Merah, Pasar Besar dan Dupak. Dekat pula dengan pelabuhan Tanjung Perak dan Stasiun Surabaya Kota dan Stasiun Pasar Turi, membuat pergerakan orang dan barang berjalan lebih cepat dan mudah.
Seiring dengan kemajuan transportasi yang sudah tidak tergantung pada sungai Kalimas, di masa Hindia-Belanda, membuat pasar ikonik ini semakin dikenal masyarakat. Pasar Turi berpengaruh kuat pada perdagangan antar-pulau di wilayah Indonesia Timur.
Pasar-pasar di Surabaya umumnya terletak di lokasi-lokasi strategis. Kehidupan di Surabaya hingga tahun 1956 telah ada 34 pasar resmi. Di luar itu ada 45 pasar tak resmi yang menempati tanah lapangan, tepi jalan ataupun tanah kosong. Semuanya tersebar di seluruh penjuru kota Surabaya. Kota Surabaya pun berubah, sudah tidak lagi agraris tetapi menjadi kota industri.
Dengan jumlah penduduk yang terus bertambah, kebutuhan hidup juga semakin banyak. Pasar menjadi pilihan utama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Dalam Pasar Turi, semua kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan itu ada. Semua golongan masyarakat berbaur menjadi satu.

Sebagai pusat perdagangan utama, Pasar Turi menjadi barometer untuk harga-harga yang ada di Surabaya. Jangkauan Pasar Turi hingga Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Ambon, Nusa Tenggara, Bali, Lombok, dan Papua. Karena itu Pasar Turi ini mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat penting di bidang ekonomi-perdagangan di Indonesia Timur. Sekaligus sebagai stabilisator harga.
Di lihat dari luasan yang ada, Pasar Turi terbagi menjadi dua: Turi Lama dan Pasar Turi Baru. Pasar Turi Lama isinya adalah pedagang kebutuhan dasar, konveksi, grosir sepatu dan sandal. Pasar Turi Baru lantai satu khusus menjual makanan dan minuman khas Surabaya, seperti rujak, dawet, dan kue tradisional. Di lantai dua dan tiga menjual barang kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti, elektronik, peralatan rumah tangga dan lain-lain. Pasar Turi Lama dan Baru masing-masing terdiri dari tiga lantai.
Di pasar ini tersedia 3000 stan. Meskipun bangunannya sudah menjadi modern, proses interaksi di dalamnya masih memakai sistem tradisional. Harga ditentukan lewat tawar-menawar. Selain pembeli grosir, sebagian besar dari pedagangnya adalah kalangan ekonomi kelas bawah. Ini yang menyebabkan Pasar Turi memiliki kontribusi yang besar dalam menopang kehidupan sebagian masyarakat ekonomi kelas bawah di Surabaya. Di luar jalur perdagangan, telah menghidupkan ekonomi di luar pasar seperti penjual makanan/minuman keliling di dalam atau di luar sekitar pasar, jasa tukang angkut, tukang becak, tukang parkir, dan lain sebagainya.
Pasar Turi selalu ramai setiap hari, terutama Sabtu dan Minggu. Buka jam 09.00 WIB hingga jam 16.00 WIB setiap harinya. Situasinya lebih membludak ketika menjelang Lebaran. Kulakan dari seluruh penjuru Indonesia Timur tumpah di sini.

Jejak Sejarah Pasar Turi
Jejak lahirnya Pasar Turi ternyata sangat panjang dan berliku. Dari beberapa cerita lisan yang dikumpulkan, juga dari cerita R Soekotjo, Wali Kota Surabaya saat meresmikan bangunan baru Pasar Turi, 21 Juni 1971, cerita tentang Pasar Turi dimulai dari pelarian Raden Wijaya yang diburu Raja Kediri (Jayakatwang) sesaat setelah Kerajaan Singosari (Singhasari) dihancurkan. Kerajaan Singosari yang berpusat di Malang itu kala itu dikenal sebagai kerajaan yang sangat berpengaruh.
Dalam pelariannya Raden Wijaya diantar penduduk utara Surabaya menuju pangkalan perahu di Pejingan. Kemudian melalui Kali Krembangan, berlayar ke Pulau Madura. Kala itu diperkirakan tahun 1292.
Desa Pejingan kemudian dikenal dengan nama Pedatar, artinya tempat berangkatnya sang buronan. Nama tempat ini berkembang jadi Padatari, yang kemudian hari banyak orang berkumpul di sini untuk bertransaksi. Transaksi itu dilakukan dengan cara bertukar barang. Orang-orang dari Madura membawa hasil buminya. Petani dari Sepanjang, Sidoarjo membawa hasil pertaniannya. Pedagang dari Gresik dan Tuban datang membawa legen (minuman dari air nira). Proses barter ini semakain ramai dan menjadi pasar. Pasar Padatari semakin terkenal dan besar dengan aktivitas yang lebih banyak, perlahan namanya yang beredar menjadi menjadi Pasar Turi.
Waktu terus berjalan. Zaman terus berganti. Ketika memasuki masa kolonialisme Belanda, Pasar Turi yang sudah dikenal, di sekitar turut berkembang bangunan-bangunan baru untuk kantor usaha. Ketika zaman Jepang, Pasar Turi sebagai pasar barang komoditas dan bahan pangan mulai meredup. Kemudian berganti menjadi perdagangan barang bekas (1942- 1945). Pasar Turi banyak menampung barang-barang milik orang-orang kaya daerah Raya Darmo yan krisis ekonomi lalu menjual barang-barangnya. Hingga tahun 1970-an, Pasar Turi tetap dikenal sebagai pusat jual-beli barang bekas.
Setelah itu, Pasar Turi menjalani perubahan demi perubahan, fisik maupun isi di dalamnya.
Kebakaran Pasar Turi

Tahun 1950 Pasar Turi terbakar untuk pertama kalinya. Hampir seluruh yang ada terbakar, termasuk kedai-kedai dari papan yang mengelilingi bangunan pasar utama. Kebakaran kedua terjadi tahun 1978 dan kemudian dilakukan pembongkaran besar-besaran. Kebakaran hebat ketiga terjadi 27 Juli 2007, dan baru bisa dipadamkan 3 hari kemudian. Kebakaran kali ini hingga saat ini masih meninggalkan tanda tanya. Setelah dipadamkan, anehnya besok bisa terbakar lagi. Sampai sekarang belum diketahui penyebabnya secara pasti. Kebakaran ketiga ini hanya menyisakan 973 stan di Gedung tahap III. Pertengahan September 2012, Pasar Turi kembali kena musibah kebakaran hebat. Gedung tahap III ludes terbakar. Kebakaran besar inilah yang kemudian membuat pesona Pasar Turi redup dalam tempo yang sangat lama. Kejayaan Pasar Turi semakin runtuh ketika konflik di dalamnya tak juga berakhir.
Pasar Turi telah berjalan jauh melewati berbagai zaman dengan romantika kehidupan. Perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi menjadi saksi dalam potret perkembangan kota Surabaya. Kini, secara fisik, Pasar Turi masih terlihat. Bangunan baru yang dibangun setelah kebakaran terakhir tampak gagah dengan berbagai fasilitas modern. Namun, Pasar Turi sudah kehilangan pesonanya. Tak mampu menyedot ribuan orang untuk dating ke sana seperti sedia kala. Pasar Turi telah kehilangan jiwanya. Namanya tetap terpatri sebagai legenda, tetapi kehadirannya kini lebih banyak menyiratkan ironi. –sa









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